David E. Millard
Has also published under the name of:
"David Millard" and "D. Millard"
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Publications by David E. Millard (bibliography)
» 2008 «
Millard, David E., Bailey, Christopher P., Boulain, Philip, Chennupati, Swapna, Davis, Hugh C., Howard, Yvonne and Wills, Gary (2008): Semantics on demand: Can a Semantic Wiki replace a knowledge base?. In New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, 14 (1) pp. 95-120
“In the same way that Wikis have become the mechanism that has enabled groups of users to collaborate on the production of hypertexts on the web, Semantic Wikis promise a future of collaboration on the production of semantically linked and ontologically structured hypertexts. In this paper we describe our efforts to convert an existing ontologically structured web site called Framework Reference Model for Assessment (FREMA) into a Semantic Wiki specifically to enable community contribution. We compare a number of existing Semantic Wikis, and explore how the notion of semantics-on-demand affects a system's ability to control the creation of useful ontologies and annotations. The FREMA case study introduces a number of the problems we encountered and solved, and sets the template for others considering implementing web-based knowledge bases using Semantic Wikis. Our conclusions will contribute to the agenda for those implementing the next generation of Semantic Wikis.”
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» 2007 «
Ounnas, Asma, Millard, David E. and Davis, Hugh C. (2007): A metrics framework for evaluating group formation. In: GROUP07: International Conference on Supporting Group Work 2007. pp. 221-224. Available online
“Many approaches to learning and teaching rely upon students working in groups. So far, many Computer-Supported Group Formation systems have been designed to facilitate the formation of optimal groups in learning. However, evaluating the quality of automated group formation is not always well reported. In this paper we propose a metrics framework for evaluating group formation based upon a model for constraint satisfaction-based group formation.”
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Wills, Gary B., Abbas, Noura, Chandrasekharan, Rakhi, Crowder, Richard M., Gilbert, Lester, Howard, Yvonne M., Millard, David E., Wong, Sylvia C. and Walters, Robert J. (2007): An agile hypertext design methodology. In: Proceedings of the Eighteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia 2007. pp. 181-184. Available online
“Customers are driving down lead times for software, especially for Web applications, to only a few months. While a number of hypertext design models exist, they do not address the issue of the requirements and analysis process that normally feeds the design process. In this paper we present an agile approach to developing hypertext applications, which focuses on the requirements and analysis stages, something that is largely ignored in current methodologies.”
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Weal, Mark J., Alani, Harith, Kim, Sanghee, Lewis, Paul H., Millard, David E., Sinclair, Patrick A. S., Roure, David C. De and Shadbolt, Nigel (2007): Ontologies as facilitators for repurposing web documents. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 65 (6) pp. 537-562
“This paper investigates the role of ontologies as a central part of an architecture to repurpose existing material from the web. A prototype system called ArtEquAKT is presented, which combines information extraction, knowledge management and consolidation techniques and adaptive document generation. All of these components are co-ordinated using one central ontology, providing a common vocabulary for describing the information fragments as they are processed. Each of the components of the architecture is described in detail and an evaluation of the system discussed. Conclusions are drawn as to the effectiveness of such an approach and further challenges are outlined.”
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Bailey, Christopher, Hall, Wendy, Millard, David E. and Weal, Mark J. (2007): Adaptive hypermedia through contextualized open hypermedia structures. In ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 25 (4) p. 16
“contextually-aware open hypermedia (OH) perspective. We believe that a wide range of AH techniques can be supported with a small number of OH structures, which can be combined together to create more complex effects, possibly simplifying the development of new AH systems. In this work we reexamine Brusilovsky's taxonomy of AH techniques from a structural OH perspective. We also show that it is possible to identify and model common structures across the taxonomy of adaptive techniques. An agent-based adaptive hypermedia system called HA3L is presented, which uses these OH structures to provide a straightforward implementation of a variety of adaptive hypermedia techniques. This enables us to reflect on the structural equivalence of many of the techniques, demonstrates the advantages of the OH approach, and can inform the design of future adaptive hypermedia systems.”
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Ounnas, Asma, Davis, Hugh C. and Millard, David E. (2007): Towards Semantic Group Formation. In: Spector, J. Michael, Sampson, Demetrios G., Okamoto, Toshio, Cerri, Stefano A., Ueno, Maomi and Kashihara, Akihiro (eds.) ICALT 2007 - Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies July 18-20, 2007, Niigata, Japan. pp. 825-827. Available online
Millard, David E., Fill, Karen, Gilbert, Lester, Howard, Yvonne Margaret, Sinclair, Patrick A. S., Senbanjo, Damilola O. and Wills, Gary B. (2007): Towards a Canonical View of Peer Assessment. In: Spector, J. Michael, Sampson, Demetrios G., Okamoto, Toshio, Cerri, Stefano A., Ueno, Maomi and Kashihara, Akihiro (eds.) ICALT 2007 - Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies July 18-20, 2007, Niigata, Japan. pp. 793-797. Available online
Weal, Mark J., Cruickshank, Don, Michaelides, Danius T., Millard, David E., Roure, David De, Howland, Katherine and Fitzpatrick, Geraldine (2007): A Card Based Metaphor for Organising Pervasive Educational Experiences. In: PerCom Workshops 2007 - Fifth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications 19-23 March, 2007, White Plains, New York, USA. pp. 165-170. Available online
» 2006 «
Halloran, John, Hornecker, Eva, Fitzpatrick, Geraldine, Weal, Mark, Millard, David E., Michaelides, Danius, Cruickshank, Don and Roure, David C. De (2006): Unfolding understandings: co-designing UbiComp In Situ, over time. In: Proceedings of DIS06: Designing Interactive Systems: Processes, Practices, Methods, & Techniques 2006. pp. 109-118. Available online
“A key challenge in co-designing UbiComp is that users may have limited understanding or experience of these technologies. While the value of situated co-design activities for promoting understanding is known, the role of time is less well researched. Here we describe and reflect on a range of co-design activities carried out with the curators of an historic English manor house to create novel visitor tours. We show how an ensemble of situated co-design activities over time led to the unfolding of user understanding around issues of content, technology and user experience, in turn leading to a progressive re-imagining of practice. This points to the importance of time and variety of in-situ activities to help people engage as co-designers in creating novel UbiComp-enabled experiences.”
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Halloran, John, Hornecker, Eva, Fitzpatrick, Geraldine, Weal, Mark, Millard, David E., Michaelides, Danius, Cruickshank, Don and Roure, David C. De (2006): The literacy fieldtrip: using UbiComp to support children's creative writing. In: Proceedings of ACM IDC06: Interaction Design and Children 2006. pp. 17-24. Available online
“Fieldtrips, traditionally associated with science, history and geography teaching, have long been used to support children's learning by allowing them to engage with environments first-hand. Recently, ubiquitous computing (UbiComp) has been used to enhance fieldtrips in these educational areas by augmenting environments with a range of instruments, devices and sensors. However, the sorts of interaction design that UbiComp makes possible have the potential not just to enhance the value of educational techniques in known application areas, but also to expand the application of those techniques into new areas of curriculum. We report on a UbiComp-supported fieldtrip to support creative writing, associated with the learning of literacy skills. We discuss how the fieldtrip, designed and run in the grounds of a historic English country house with Year 5 UK schoolchildren, engendered interactions which changed both the processes and products of creative writing, with benefits for both teachers and children.”
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Millard, David E. and Ross, Martin (2006): Web 2.0: hypertext by any other name?. In: Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext 2006. pp. 27-30. Available online
“Web 2.0 is the popular name of a new generation of Web applications, sites and companies that emphasis openness, community and interaction. Examples include technologies such as Blogs and Wikis, and sites such as Flickr. In this paper we compare these next generation tools to the aspirations of the early Hypertext pioneers to see if their aims have finally been realized.”
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Weal, Mark J., Hornecker, Eva, Cruickshank, Don G., Michaelides, Danius T., Millard, David E., Halloran, John, Roure, David C. De and Fitzpatrick, Geraldine (2006): Requirements for in-situ authoring of location based experiences. In: Proceedings of 8th conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services 2006. pp. 121-128. Available online
“In this paper we describe an investigation into the requirements for and the use of in-situ authoring in the creation of location based pervasive and UbiComp experiences. We will focus on the co-design process with users that resulted in a novel visitor experience to a historic country estate. This has informed the design of new, in-situ, authoring tools supplemented with tools for retrospective revisiting and reorganization of content. An initial trial of these new tools will be discussed and conclusions drawn as to the appropriateness of such tools. Further enhancements as part of future trials will also be described.”
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Weal, Mark J., Hornecker, Eva, Cruickshank, Don, Michaelides, Danius T., Millard, David E., Halloran, John, Roure, David De and Fitzpatrick, Geraldine (2006): Requirements for in-situ authoring of location based experiences. In: Nieminen, Marko and Röykkee, Mika (eds.) Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services - Mobile HCI 2006 September 12-15, 2006, Helsinki, Finland. pp. 121-128. Available online
Hornecker, Eva, Halloran, John, Fitzpatrick, Geraldine, Weal, Mark J., Millard, David E., Michaelides, Danius T., Cruickshank, Don and Roure, David De (2006): UbiComp in opportunity spaces: challenges for participatory design. In: Jacucci, Gianni and Kensing, Finn (eds.) PDC 2006 - Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Participatory Design August 1-5, 2006, Trento, Italy. pp. 47-56. Available online
Millard, David E., Bailey, Christopher, Davis, Hugh C., Gilbert, Lester, Howard, Yvonne Margaret and Wills, Gary (2006): The e-Learning Assessment Landscape. In: ICALT 2006 - Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies 5-7 July, 2006, Kerkrade, The Netherlands. pp. 964-966. Available online
Weal, Mark J., Cruickshank, Don, Michaelides, Danius T., Millard, David E., Roure, David De, Hornecker, Eva, Halloran, John and Fitzpatrick, Geraldine (2006): A Reusable, Extensible Infrastructure for Augmented Field Trips. In: PerCom 2006 - 4th IEEE Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops 13-17 March, 2006, Pisa, Italy. pp. 201-205. Available online
» 2005 «
Millard, David E., Gibbins, Nicholas M., Michaelides, Danius T. and Weal, Mark J. (2005): Mind the semantic gap. In: Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext 2005. pp. 54-62. Available online
“Hypertext can be seen as a logic representation, where semantics are encoded in both the textual nodes and the graph of links. Systems that have a very formal representation of these semantics are able to manipulate the hypertexts in a sophisticated way; for example by adapting them or sculpting them at run-time. However, hypertext systems which require the author to write in terms of structures with explicit semantics are difficult/costly to write in, and can be seen as too restrictive by certain authors because they do not allow the playful ambiguity often associated with literary hypertext. In this paper we present a vector-based model of the formality of semantics in hypertext systems, where the vectors represent the translation of semantics from author to system and from system to reader. We categorise a variety of existing systems and draw out some general conclusions about the profiles they share. We believe that our model will help hypertext system designers analyse how their own systems formalise semantics, and will warn them when they need to mind the Semantic Gap between authors and readers.”
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Millard, David E. and Ross, Martin (2005): The 3D sonification of links in physical hypermedia environments. In: Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext 2005. pp. 251-253. Available online
“Sonification is the technique of generating sounds from complex data in order to represent that data to a human being. With 3d audio it is possible to place these sounds in a 3d soundscape around a listener. In this paper we investigate the possibility of using 3d sonification in physical hypermedia environments. We present our early experiences of developing a 3d sonification simulator based on Open Hypermedia technology.”
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Tao, Feng, Millard, David E., Woukeu, Arouna and Davis, Hugh C. (2005): Managing the Semantic Aspects of Learning Using the Knowledge Life Cycle. In: ICALT 2005 - Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies 05-08 July, 2005, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. pp. 575-579. Available online
Tao, Feng, Millard, David E., Woukeu, Arouna and Davis, Hugh C. (2005): Semantic Grid Based e-Learning Using the Knowledge Life Cycle. In: ICALT 2005 - Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies 05-08 July, 2005, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. pp. 954-955. Available online
Wills, Gary B., Gilbert, Lester, Gee, Quintin, Davis, Hugh C., Miles-Board, Timothy, Millard, David E., Carr, Les, Hall, Wendy and Grange, Simon (2005): Towards Grid Services for a Virtual Research Environment. In: ICALT 2005 - Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies 05-08 July, 2005, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. pp. 863-867. Available online
» 2004 «
Millard, David E., Roure, David C. De, Michaelides, Danius T., Thompson, Mark K. and Weal, Mark J. (2004): Navigational hypertext models for physical hypermedia environments. In: Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext 2004. pp. 110-111. Available online
“In this paper we identify a common aim between ubiquitous computing and hypertext systems: the desire to present navigable, located and structured information. We propose that existing navigational hypertext models might be valuable as a formalisation of ubiquitous information and explore the challenges of applying standard hypertext operations, such as anchor resolution, display and link traversal, to links that have physical anchors.”
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» 2003 «
Sinclair, Patrick A. S., Martinez, Kirk, Millard, David E. and Weal, Mark J. (2003): Augmented reality as an interface to adaptive hypermedia systems. In New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, 9 pp. 117-136
“Adaptive Hypermedia has sought to tackle the problems of dealing with complex, heavily structured information and the presentation of views of that structure to users. Increasingly, adaptive content is achieved through different forms of context. Using two case-study applications, we will reflect on how Augmented Reality may present solutions to a number of Adaptive Hypermedia presentation problems. Each case study describes a different physical interaction metaphor for exposing the complex adaptation of hypermedia content in an intuitive way. The preliminary findings of our early evaluations are discussed. Finally, conclusions are drawn as to how Augmented Reality applications could use the modelling techniques of the Adaptive Hypermedia community to deal more easily with complex information.”
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Millard, David E., Davis, Hugh, Weal, Mark, Aben, Koen and Bra, Paul De (2003): AHA! meets Auld Linky: integrating designed and free-form hypertext systems. In: Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext 2003. pp. 161-169. Available online
“In this paper we present our efforts to integrate two adaptive hypermedia systems that take very different approaches. The Adaptive Hypermedia Architecture (AHA!) aims to establish a consistently organized, strictly designed form of hypertext while Auld Linky takes an open and potentially sculptural approach, producing more freeform, less deterministic hypertexts. We describe the difficulties in reconciling the two approaches. This leads us to draw a number of conclusions about the benefits and disadvantages of both and the concessions that are required to combine them successfully.”
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» 2002 «
Bernstein, Mark, Millard, David E. and Weal, Mark J. (2002): On writing sculptural Hypertext. In: Hypertext'02 - Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia June 11-15, 2002, College Park, Maryland, USA. pp. 65-66. Available online
“Sculptural hypertext is proposed as an alternative domain for hypertext writing, proceeding chiefly by the removal of links rather than by adding links to an initially unlinked text. Relatively little is known about authoring sculptural hypertexts. This paper examines some issues that arise in the course of composing sculptural hypertexts and proposes tools which might help support such designs.”
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Sinclair, Patrick, Martinez, Kirk, Millard, David E. and Weal, Mark J. (2002): Links in the palm of your hand: tangible hypermedia using augmented reality. In: Hypertext'02 - Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia June 11-15, 2002, College Park, Maryland, USA. pp. 127-136. Available online
“Contextualised Open Hypermedia can be used to provide added value to document collections or artefacts. However, transferring the underlying hyper structures into a users conceptual model is often a problem. Augmented reality provides a mechanism for presenting these structures in a visual and tangible manner, translating the abstract action of combining contextual linkbases into physical gestures of real familiarity to users of the system. This paper examines the use of augmented reality in hypermedia and explores some possible modes of interaction that embody the functionality of open hypermedia and contextual linking using commonplace and easily understandable real world metaphors.”
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Rosenberg, Jim, Bernstein, Mark, Marshall, Catherine C., Bra, Paul De, Millard, David E. and Shipman III, Frank M. (2002): Chain saws for sculptural Hypertext. In: Hypertext'02 - Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia June 11-15, 2002, College Park, Maryland, USA. p. 137. Available online
“The term "Sculptural Hypertext", coined by Mark Bernstein in his Hypertext '01 paper "Card Shark and Thespis," refers to a style of writing hypertext where the document author starts with a massively connected structure, and the task of authoring links consists of cutting away those links that are not wanted, much as someone sculpting in stone in the traditional way starts with a block of stone and forms an image by cutting away the "excess" material. The opposing term, "Calligraphic Hypertext," refers to the more familiar method of finely authoring each link. This panel seeks to address questions pertaining to authorship and tools for the sculptural approach to hypertext. Among the questions we want to address are: How does one write a sculptural hypertext? How does this concept scale -- or is it only suited to small works? What differences are there for the reader of a sculptural hypertext vs. a calligraphic hypertext? How does the "subtractive" concept work with other models of hypertext than the node-link model, e.g. spatial hypertext? What are the differences in requirements for tool designers of sculptural vs. calligraphic hypertext systems.”
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» 2001 «
Weal, Mark J., Millard, David E., Michaelides, Danius T. and Roure, David C. De (2001): Building narrative structures using context based linking. In: Hypertext'01 - Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia August 14-18, 2001, Aarhus, Denmark. pp. 37-38. Available online
“This paper discusses initial progress in the construction of a hypertext short fiction engine using a context based link service. The link service, Auld Leaky, is based around the Fundamental Open Hypermedia Model (FOHM). Context and behaviour are used to provide adaption in the story as well as progressing the narrative.”
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Weal, Mark J., Hughes, Gareth V., Millard, David E. and Moreau, Luc (2001): Open hypermedia as a navigational interface to ontological information spaces. In: Hypertext'01 - Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia August 14-18, 2001, Aarhus, Denmark. pp. 227-236. Available online
“Ontologies provide a powerful tool for distributed agent-based information systems. However, in their raw form they can be difficult for users to interact with directly. Different query architectures use structured query languages as an interface but these still require the users to have an expert understanding of the underlying ontologies. By using an Open Hypermedia model as an interface to an ontological information space, users can interact with such a system using familiar browsing and navigation techniques, which are translated into queries over the underlying information. Coupled with dynamic document generation, this allows complicated queries to be made without the user having to interact directly with the ontologies. Our key contribution is a notion of hypermedia links between concepts and queries within an ontological information space. This approach is demonstrated with a Dynamic CV application built around the SoFAR agent framework and the Fundamental Open Hypermedia Model (FOHM). In addition to abstracting the interface, Open Hypermedia allows alternative linkbases to be used to represent different "query recipes", providing different views and navigational experiences to the user.”
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» 2000 «
Millard, David E., Moreau, Luc, Davis, H. C. and Reich, Siegfried (2000): FOHM: A Fundamental Open Hypertext Model for Investigating Interoperability between Hypertext Domains. In: Hypertext 00 - Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia May 30 - June 03, 2000, San Antonio, Texas, USA. pp. 93-102. Available online
» 1999 «
Davis, H. C., Millard, David E., Reich, Siegfried, Bouvin, Niels Olof, Grønbæk, Kaj, Nurnberg, P. J., Sloth, L., Wiil, Uffe Kock and Anderson, Kenneth M. (1999): Interoperability between Hypermedia Systems: The Standardisation Work of the OHSWG. In: Hypertext 99 - Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia February 21-25, 1999, Darmstadt, Germany. pp. 201-202. Available online
Reich, S., Wiil, Uffe Kock, Nurnburg, P., Davis, H., Gronbaek, K., Anderson, K., Millard, David E. and Haake, Jorg M. (1999): Addressing interoperability in open hypermedia: The design of the open hypermedia protocol. In New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, 5 pp. 207-248
“Early hypertext systems were monolithic and closed, but newer systems tend to be open, distributed, and support collaboration. While this development has resulted in increased openness and flexibility, integration or adaptation of various different tools (such as content editors, viewers, services, or even other link servers) has remained a tedious task. Many developers were implementing essentially similar components, simply for the benefit of having their own platform on which to experiment with hypertexts. The open hypermedia community is addressing this issue of interoperability between open hypermedia systems. The goal of this effort is to provide an open framework that can be used by application developers outside the community to construct more powerful hypermedia-aware applications. The design and evolution of this framework is presented along with the requirements that drove its development. The framework has matured to the point where it has supported the creation of a number of research prototypes. These prototypes are described and evaluated with respect to their use of the framework.”
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Mar 15th, 2010
Changes to this page (author)
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