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Daniel J. Francis

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Publications by Daniel J. Francis (bibliography)

1994

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Kibbe, Marion P. and Francis, Daniel J. (1994): TAV-8B Flight Test Results for the Demonstration of an Airborne 3D Audio Cuer. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. p. 987.

“This poster presents a summary of pilot opinions on the utility of an airborne 3-Dimensional (3-D) audio cuer and noise cancellation system which was developed at Armstrong Medical Research Laboratory and demonstrated at China Lake, CA in a TAV-8B Harrier. The 3-D audio cues were heard through a customized head set and helmet, equipped with a head tracker coupled to the audio cuer. The helmet was equipped with active noise cancellation which when turned on would subtract ambient aircraft noise. 3-D audio, in both straight and level flight and while maneuvering, was used to provide: 1) direction of arrival information of three ground based targets or threats; and 2) localized separation of two communication channels. There were eleven test flights. Pilots reported that the 3-D audio system worked well, giving azimuth cues with approximately 15 degree accuracy, which they felt was adequate to orient attention toward a threat or target location. Elevation cues were less accurate, providing only two rough judgments: low or high. They felt that the greatest promise for future implementation would be to couple 3-D audio to a threat warning system, allowing faster but not more accurate localization of a threat. Communication channel separation was helpful; many aviators thought that 3-D localization of the communication channels would provide more utility. Active noise cancellation seemed to work, but most aviators did not feel that a major requirement existed for the system in tactical fixed wing aircraft.”

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