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ReferencesNavigation arrowAuthorsNavigation arrowD. Bradley Marwitz
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D. Bradley Marwitz

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Publications by D. Bradley Marwitz (bibliography)

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1989
 
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Marwitz, D. Bradley and Wogalter, Michael S. (1989): Training Potential Witnesses to Produce Higher Quality Face Composites. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting 1989. pp. 1324-1328.

“This study attempted to determine if training and familiarization with a face composite system would improve the quality of the produced composites. Subjects were trained in the use of the Mac-a-Mug Pro system over two sessions during which they constructed eleven composites (six from memory and five with the face in view). The results indicate that the composites produced while the target face was in view were significantly better than the composites produced from memory, and that both improved with practice. Initial training with the composite system prior to exposure to the first face or after the first face did not affect composite quality. These results have implications for the training of personnel at high risk of witnessing a crime.”

© All rights reserved Marwitz and Wogalter and/or Human Factors Society

1988
 
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Marwitz, D. Bradley and Wogalter, Michael S. (1988): Bias in Photospreads of Faces: A Comparison of Two Lineup Construction Methods. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting 1988. pp. 541-543.

“Recent research suggests that the current method of lineup construction produces biased or suggestive lineups. Earlier studies used face composite stimuli to assemble the lineups. The present study uses more realistic materials, actual face photographs. Ten pairs of subjects constructed photospread lineups using the traditional method of selecting lineup members who are similar in appearance to the suspect. Another ten pairs of subjects constructed lineups using an alternative construction method. The lineups were then given to a separate group of subjects who had never seen the photographs before and were asked to try to select the face that was the basis for each lineup. The results showed that traditional lineup construction method produced bias towards the target/suspect. The alternative construction method produced less bias, but not significantly less than the traditional method. These results have implications for law enforcement personnel concerned with the construction and presentation of lineups.”

© All rights reserved Marwitz and Wogalter and/or Human Factors Society

1987
 
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Wogalter, Michael S. and Marwitz, D. Bradley (1987): The Effect of Constructing Multiple-Choice Distractor Items Around a Single Target Alternative. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 31st Annual Meeting 1987. pp. 378-381.

“The present research sought to determine whether the construction of multiple-choice alternatives based around a critical target answer would facilitate the selection of the target answer. Subjects were given a multiple-choice test consisting of 60 questions, each having four alternatives. Twenty of the 60 questions were the critical questions and were constructed to have no correct answer (i.e., asked nonsense) but appeared legitimate. One of the alternatives for the critical questions was the critical alternative, around which the other three distractor alternatives were derived. This was accomplished by systematically substituting each of the critical alternatives' three components with another plausible component. This procedure produced a set of alternatives where the critical alternative was more similar to the other alternatives than they were to each other (i.e., it was the most prototypic). The results of two experiments using ranking and proportion scores showed a response bias effect: subjects selected the critical alternatives more often than would be expected by chance. Further analyses revealed that in lower ability subjects the effect disappeared when the critical alternatives were embedded in sets of distractors which had randomly ordered components. High ability subjects selected the critical alternative more often than chance regardless of the distractors' component arrangement. The results suggest that test-makers should avoid constructing distractor alternatives around a correct alternative because the information provided in the set of alternatives may influence test-takers to select the target answer without any knowledge of the information being assessed.”

© All rights reserved Wogalter and Marwitz and/or Human Factors Society

 
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Changes to this page (author)

26 Jun 2007: Modified
25 Jun 2007: Modified
25 Jun 2007: Added

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URL: http://www.interaction-design.org/references/authors/d__bradley_marwitz.html
Jun 20

“ ...that strange new zone between medium and message. That zone we call the interface ”

-- Steven Johnson, 1997

 
 

Featured chapter

Read the fascinating history of Wearable Computing, told by its father, Steve Mann

Read Steve's chapter !

 
 

Latest books

The Social Design of Technical Systems: Building technologies for communities
by Brian Whitworth and Adnan Ahmad

 
Start reading

The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, 2nd Ed.
by Mads Soegaard and Rikke Friis Dam

 
Start reading
 
 

Help us help you!

 
 
 
 
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