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Christina James

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Publications by Christina James (bibliography)

1995

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James, Christina, Ehret, Brian D., Philips, Brian, James, W. Spencer and Alicandri, Elizabeth (1995): Effects of Rotation and Location on Advanced Traveler Information System Displays. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting 1995. pp. 1077-1081.

“This experiment compared the performance of rotated to conventional Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS) displays. Rotated and conventional ATIS displays were presented in two locations: Heads-up display (HUD) and instrument panel mounted (IPM). Using a part-task driving simulator, subjects evaluated whether an intersection presented on an ATIS display matched the intersection they were approaching. The results indicated that benefits of rotated displays may be location dependent. Although the results do not clearly indicate an optimal display rotation, the HUD location resulted in improved older driver performance.”

1994

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Kloeppel, Esther, Peters, Robert D., James, Christina, Fox, Jean E. and Alicandri, Elizabeth (1994): Comparison of Older and Younger Driver Responses to Emergency Driving Events. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. p. 986.

“This study investigated the responses of older and younger drivers during performance of emergency maneuvers in an interactive driving simulator. Thirty-six drivers, equally distributed among three age groups (20-29; 35-44; 65-74) participated in the 20 mile simulated drive, during which they encountered four emergency events. Two baseline segments were also collected. The emergency events were situations where other vehicles performed unexpected maneuvers: pulling out in front of the subject's car from a side street, and turning left in front of the subject's car at an intersection. Information on driver performance variables, overall avoidance, and emergency avoidance response time was collected. Older drivers were not different from younger or middle-aged drivers in avoidance response time, speed, deviation from the speed limit, brake pedal force, and overall avoidance. Age differences were found in lateral placement at intersections. Older drivers drove further to the right of the lane center than younger and middle-aged drivers. It is believed that this is a result of a general conservatism of older drivers. This research narrows the scope of investigations into intersection accidents. Older drivers did not exhibit increased avoidance reaction times. In this experiment, subjects were not performing turning maneuvers. Future research should be directed, when possible, toward investigating driver behavior when making turning maneuvers across traffic.”

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