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Chris North

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Publications by Chris North (bibliography)

» 2008 «

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Ball, Robert and North, Chris (2008): The Effects of Peripheral Vision and Physical Navigation on Large Scale Visualization. In: Proceedings of the 2008 Conference on Graphics Interface May 28-30, 2008, Windsor, Ontario, Canada. pp. 9-16.

“Large high-resolution displays have been shown to improve userperformance over standard displays on many large-scale visualization tasks. But what is the reason for the improvement? The two most cited reasons for the advantage are (1) the wider field of view that exploits peripheral vision to provide context, and (2) the opportunity for physical navigation (e.g. head turning, walking, etc.) to visually access information. Which of these two factors is the key to advantage? Or, do they both work together to produce a combined advantage? This paper reports on an experiment that separates peripheral vision and physical navigation as independent variables. Results indicate that, for most of the tasks tested, increased physical navigation opportunity is more critical to improving performance than increased field of view. Some evidence indicates a valuable combined role.”

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» 2007 «

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Yost, Beth, Haciahmetoglu, Yonca and North, Chris (2007): Beyond visual acuity: the perceptual scalability of information visualizations for large displays. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2007. pp. 101-110. Available online

“The scalability of information visualizations has typically been limited by the number of available display pixels. As displays become larger, the scalability limit may shift away from the number of pixels and toward human perceptual abilities. This work explores the effect of using large, high resolution displays to scale up information visualizations beyond potential visual acuity limitations. Displays that are beyond visual acuity require physical navigation to see all of the pixels. Participants performed various information visualization tasks using display sizes with a sufficient number of pixels to be within, equal to, or beyond visual acuity. Results showed that performance on most tasks was more efficient and sometimes more accurate because of the additional data that could be displayed, despite the physical navigation that was required. Visualization design issues on large displays are also discussed.”

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Ball, Robert, North, Chris and Bowman, Doug A. (2007): Move to improve: promoting physical navigation to increase user performance with large displays. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2007. pp. 191-200. Available online

“In navigating large information spaces, previous work indicates potential advantages of physical navigation (moving eyes, head, body) over virtual navigation (zooming, panning, flying). However, there is also indication of users preferring or settling into the less efficient virtual navigation. We present a study that examines these issues in the context of large, high resolution displays. The study identifies specific relationships between display size, amount of physical and virtual navigation, and user task performance. Increased physical navigation on larger displays correlates with reduced virtual navigation and improved user performance. Analyzing the differences between this study and previous results helps to identify design factors that afford and promote the use of physical navigation in the user interface.”

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Plaisant, Catherine and North, Chris (2007): Special Issue in Honor of Ben Shneiderman's 60th Birthday: Reflections on Human-Computer Interaction. In International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 23 (3) pp. 195-204

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Sabri, Andrew J., Ball, Robert G., Fabian, Alain, Bhatia, Saurabh and North, Chris (2007): High-resolution gaming: Interfaces, notifications, and the user experience. In Interacting with Computers, 19 (2) pp. 151-166

“Advances in technology and display hardware have allowed the resolution of monitors -- and video games -- to incrementally improve over the past three decades. However, little research has been done in preparation for the resolutions that will be available in the future if this trend continues. We developed a number of display prototypes to explore the different aspects of gaming on large, high-resolution displays. By running a series of experiments, we were not only able to evaluate the benefits of these displays for gaming, but also identify potential user interface and hardware issues that can arise. Building on these results, various interface designs were developed to better notify the user of passive and critical game information as well as to overcome difficulties with mouse-based interaction on these displays. Different display form factors and user input devices are also explored in order to determine how they can further enhance the gaming experience. In many cases, the new techniques can be applied to single-monitor games and solve the same problems in real-world, high-resolution applications.”

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» 2006 «

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Shupp, Lauren, Ball, Robert, Yost, Beth, Booker, John and North, Chris (2006): Evaluation of viewport size and curvature of large, high-resolution displays. In: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Graphics Interface 2006. pp. 123-130. Available online

“Tiling multiple monitors to increase the amount of screen space has become an area of great interest to researchers. While previous research has shown user performance benefits when tiling multiple monitors, little research has analyzed whether much larger high-resolution displays result in better user performance. We compared user performance time, accuracy, and mental workload on multi-scale geospatial search, route tracing, and comparison tasks across one, twelve (4x3), and twenty-four (8x3) tiled monitor configurations. We also compare user performance time in conditions that uniformly curve the twelve and twenty-four monitor displays. Results show that curving displays decreases user performance time, and we observed less strenuous physical navigation on the curved conditions. Depending on the task, the larger viewport sizes also improve performance time, and user frustration is significantly less with the larger displays than with one monitor.”

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» 2005 «

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Ball, Robert and North, Chris (2005): Effects of tiled high-resolution display on basic visualization and navigation tasks. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2005. pp. 1196-1199. Available online

“Large high-resolution screens are becoming increasingly available and less expensive. This creates potential advantages for data visualization in that more dense data and fine details are viewable at once. Also, less navigation may be needed to see more data. However, little work has been done to determine the effectiveness of large high-resolution displays, especially for basic low-level data visualization and navigation tasks. This paper describes an exploratory study on the effects of a large tiled display with a resolution of 3840x3072 as compared to two smaller displays (1560x2048 and 1280x1024). We conclude that, with finely detailed data, higher resolution displays that use physical navigation significantly outperform smaller displays that use pan and zoom navigation. Qualitatively, we also conclude that use of the larger display is less stressful and creates a better sense of confidence than the smaller displays.”

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Yost, Beth and North, Chris (2005): Single complex glyphs versus multiple simple glyphs. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2005. pp. 1889-1892. Available online

“Designers of information visualization systems have the choice to present information in a single integrated view or in multiple views. In practice, there is a continuum between the two strategies and designers must decide how much of each strategy to apply. Although high-level design guidelines (heuristics) are available, there are few low-level perceptual design guidelines for making this decision. We performed a controlled experiment with one, two, and four views to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of these strategies on target detection and trend finding tasks in the context of multidimensional glyphs overlaid onto geographic maps. Results from the target detection tasks suggest that visual encoding is a more important factor when detecting a single attribute than the number of views. Additionally, for detecting two attributes, the trend indicates that reusing the most perceptually salient visual feature in multiple views provides faster performance than an integrated view that must map one of the attributes to a less salient feature.”

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Fink, Glenn A., Muessig, Paul and North, Chris (2005): Visual Correlation of Host Processes and Network Traffic. In: Ma, Kwan-Liu, North, Stephen C. and Yurcik, William (eds.) VizSEC 2005 - IEEE Workshop on Visualization for Computer Security 26 October, 2005, Minneapolis, MN, USA. p. 2. Available online

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Fink, Glenn A. and North, Chris (2005): Root Polar Layout of Internet Address Data for Security Administration. In: Ma, Kwan-Liu, North, Stephen C. and Yurcik, William (eds.) VizSEC 2005 - IEEE Workshop on Visualization for Computer Security 26 October, 2005, Minneapolis, MN, USA. p. 7. Available online

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Saraiya, Purvi, Lee, Peter and North, Chris (2005): Visualization of Graphs with Associated Timeseries Data. In: InfoVis 2005 - IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 23-25 October, 2005, Minneapolis, MN, USA. p. 30. Available online

» 2004 «

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Ball, Robert, Fink, Glenn A. and North, Chris (2004): Home-centric visualization of network traffic for security administration. In: Brodley, Carla E., Chan, Philip, Lippman, Richard and Yurcik, William (eds.) VizSEC/DMSEC 2004 - Workshop on Visualization and Data Mining for Computer Security 29 October, 2004, Washington DC, USA. pp. 55-64. Available online

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Saraiya, Purvi, North, Chris and Duca, Karen (2004): An Evaluation of Microarray Visualization Tools for Biological Insight. In: InfoVis 2004 - 10th IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 10-12 October, 2004, Austin, TX, USA. pp. 1-8. Available online

» 2003 «

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Carroll, John M., Bowman, Doug, McCrickard, Scott, North, Chris, Perez-Quinones, Manuel A. and Rosson, Mary Beth (2003): Center for Human-Computer Interaction at Virginia Tech. In: Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT03: Human-Computer Interaction 2003, Zurich, Switzerland. p. 1061.

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Bowman, Doug A., North, Chris, Chen, Jian, Polys, Nicholas F., Pyla, Pardha S. and Yilmaz, Umur (2003): Information-rich virtual environments: theory, tools, and research agenda. In: VRST 2003 - Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology October 1-3, 2003, Osaka, Japan. pp. 81-90. Available online

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Li, Qing and North, Chris (2003): Empirical Comparison of Dynamic Query Sliders and Brushing Histograms. In: InfoVis 2003 - 9th IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 20-21 October, 2003, Seattle, WA, USA. . Available online

» 2002 «

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Wang, Jun, Agrawal, Abhishek, Bazaza, Anil, Angle, Supriya, Fox, Edward A. and North, Chris (2002): Enhancing the ENVISION interface for digital libraries. In: JCDL02: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2002. pp. 275-276. Available online

“To enhance the ENVISION interface and facilitate user interaction, various techniques were considered for better rendering of search results with improved scalability. In this paper we discuss the challenges we encountered and our solutions to those problems.”

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Jayaraman, Sanjini and North, Chris (2002): A Radial Focus+Context Visualization for Multi-Dimensional Functions. In: IEEE Visualization 2002 2002. .

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Conklin, Nathan, Prabhakar, Sandeep and North, Chris (2002): Multiple Foci Drill-Down through Tuple and Attribute Aggregation Polyarchies in Tabular Data. In: InfoVis 2002 - 2002 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 27 October - 1 November, 2002, Boston, MA, USA. pp. 131-. Available online

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North, Chris, Conklin, Nathan and Saini, Varun (2002): Visualization Schemas for Flexible Information Visualization. In: InfoVis 2002 - 2002 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 27 October - 1 November, 2002, Boston, MA, USA. pp. 15-22. Available online

» 2001 «

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Dang, Gunjan, North, Chris and Shneiderman, Ben (2001): Dynamic Queries and Brushing on Choropleth Maps. In: IV 2001 2001. pp. 757-764. Available online

» 2000 «

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North, Chris and Shneiderman, Ben (2000): Snap-Together Visualization: Can Users Construct and Operate Coordinated Visualizations?. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 53 (5) pp. 715-739

“Multiple coordinated visualizations enable users to rapidly explore complex information. However, users often need unforeseen combinations of coordinated visualizations. Snap-together visualization (Snap) enables users to rapidly and dynamically construct coordinated-visualization interfaces, customized for their data, without programming. Users U001load data into desired visualizations, then construct coordinations between them for brushing and linking, overview and detail view, drill down, etc. Snap formalizes a conceptual model of visualization coordination based on the relational data model. Visualization developers can easily Snap-enable their independent visualizations using a simple API. Empirical evaluation reveals benefits, cognitive issues and usability concerns with coordination concepts and Snap. Two user studies explore coordination construction and operation. Data-savvy users successfully, enthusiastically and rapidly constructed powerful coordinated-visualization interfaces of their own. Operating an overview-and-detail coordination reliably improved user performance by 30-80% over detail-only and uncoordinated interfaces for most tasks.”

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North, Chris and Shneiderman, Ben (2000): Snap-Together Visualization: A User Interface for Coodinating Visualizations via Relational Schemata. In: Advanced Visual Interfaces 2000 2000. pp. 128-135.

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Changes to this page (author)

19 Feb 2010: Enabled abstracts to be shown on Chris North's author page.
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Publication statistics

Publication period:2000-2008
Publication count:23
Number of co-authors:37

Productive colleagues

Chris North's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:

Ben Shneiderman:206
John M. Carroll:190
Mary Beth Rosson:119

Collaboration count

Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:

Robert Ball:5
Ben Shneiderman:3
Glenn A. Fink:3

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Learn more about Chris North:
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- ACM
- CSB

Conference Calendar

Mar 24

SIDeR '10 - Ingredients in Gradients - 6th edition of the Student Interaction Design Research Conf.

Apr 03

IEEE Students' Techn. Symp. '10

Apr 07

Information Architecture Summit

Mar 22

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Chris North

Publications by Chris North (bibliography)

» 2008 «

» 2007 «

» 2006 «

» 2005 «

» 2004 «

» 2003 «

» 2002 «

» 2001 «

» 2000 «

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