Caroline Appert
Personal Homepage:
http://www.lri.fr/~appert
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Publications by Caroline Appert (bibliography)
» 2009 «
Appert, Caroline and Zhai, Shumin (2009): Using strokes as command shortcuts: cognitive benefits and toolkit support. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 2289-2298. Available online
“This paper investigates using stroke gestures as shortcuts to menu selection. We first experimentally measured the performance and ease of learning of stroke shortcuts in comparison to keyboard shortcuts when there is no mnemonic link between the shortcut and the command. While both types of shortcuts had the same level of performance with enough practice, stroke shortcuts had substantial cognitive advantages in learning and recall. With the same amount of practice, users could successfully recall more shortcuts and make fewer errors with stroke shortcuts than with keyboard shortcuts. The second half of the paper focuses on UI development support and articulates guidelines for toolkits to implement stroke shortcuts in a wide range of software applications. We illustrate how to apply these guidelines by introducing the Stroke Shortcuts Toolkit (SST) which is a library for adding stroke shortcuts to Java Swing applications with just a few lines of code.”
Copyrights may apply
» 2008 «
Pietriga, Emmanuel and Appert, Caroline (2008): Sigma lenses: focus-context transitions combining space, time and translucence. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008. pp. 1343-1352. Available online
“Focus + context techniques such as fisheye lenses are used to navigate and manipulate objects in multi-scale worlds. They provide in-place magnification of a region without requiring users to zoom the whole representation and consequently lose context. Their adoption is however hindered by usability problems mostly due to the nature of the transition between focus and context. Existing transitions are often based on a physical metaphor (magnifying glass, fisheye, rubber sheet), and are almost always achieved through a single dimension: space. We investigate how other dimensions, namely time and translucence, can be used to achieve more efficient transitions. We present an extension to Carpendale's framework for unifying presentation space accommodating these new dimensions. We define new lenses in that space, called Sigma lenses, and compare them to existing lenses through experiments based on a generic task: focus targeting. Results show that one new lens, the Speed-coupled flattening lens, significantly outperforms all others.”
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Appert, Caroline, Chapuis, Olivier and Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (2008): Evaluation of Pointing Performance on Screen Edges. In: Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces May 28-30, 2008, Napoli, Italy. pp. 119-126.
“Pointing on screen edges is a frequent task in our everyday use
of computers. Screen edges can help stop cursor movements, requiring
less precise movements from the user. Thus, pointing at
elements located on the edges should be faster than pointing in the
central screen area. This article presents two experiments to better
understand the foundations of "edge pointing". The first study assesses
several factors both on completion time and on users' mouse
movements. The results highlight some weaknesses in the current
design of desktop environments (such as the cursor shape) and reveal
that movement direction plays an important role in users' performance.
The second study quantifies the gain of edge pointing by
comparing it with other models such as regular pointing and crossing.
The results not only show that the gain can be up to 44%, but
also reveal that movement angle has an effect on performance for
all tested models. This leads to a generalization of the 2D Index
of Difficulty of Accot and Zhai that takes movement direction into
account to predict pointing time using Fitts' law.
”
Copyrights may apply
Appert, Caroline, Chapuis, Olivier and Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (2008): Evaluation of pointing performance on screen edges. In: Levialdi, Stefano (ed.) AVI 2008 - Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces May 28-30, 2008, Napoli, Italy. pp. 119-126. Available online
» 2007 «
Pietriga, Emmanuel, Appert, Caroline and Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (2007): Pointing and beyond: an operationalization and preliminary evaluation of multi-scale searching. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2007. pp. 1215-1224. Available online
“A number of experimental studies based on domain-specific tasks have evaluated the efficiency of navigation techniques for searching multi-scale worlds. The discrepancies among their results call for a more generic framework similar in spirit to Fitts' reciprocal pointing task, but adapted to a task that significantly differs from pure pointing. We introduce such a framework based on an abstract task and evaluate how four multi-scale navigation techniques perform in one particular multi-scale world configuration. Experimental findings indicate that, in this context, pan & zoom combined with an overview is the most efficient technique of all four, and that focus + context techniques perform better than classical pan & zoom. We relate these findings to more realistic situations, discuss their applicability, and how the framework can be used to cover a broad range of situations.”
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Mackay, Wendy E., Appert, Caroline, Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel, Chapuis, Olivier, Du, Yangzhou, Fekete, Jean-Daniel and Guiard, Yves (2007): Touchstone: exploratory design of experiments. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2007. pp. 1425-1434. Available online
“Touchstone is an open-source experiment design platform designed to help establish a solid research foundation for HCI in the area of novel interaction techniques. Touchstone includes a design platform for exploring alternative designs of controlled laboratory experiments, a run platform for running subjects and a limited analysis platform for advice and access to on-line statistics packages. Designed for HCI researchers and their students, Touchstone facilitates the process of creating new experiments, as well as replicating and extending experiments in the research literature. We tested Touchstone by designing two controlled experiments. One illustrates how to create a new experiment from scratch. The other replicates and extends a previous study of multiscale pointing interaction techniques: OrthoZoom was fastest, followed by bi-manual Pan & Zoom; SDAZ and traditional Pan & Zoom were consistently slower.”
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» 2006 «
Appert, Caroline and Fekete, Jean-Daniel (2006): OrthoZoom scroller: 1D multi-scale navigation. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2006 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2006. pp. 21-30. Available online
“This article introduces the OrthoZoom Scroller, a novel interaction technique that improves target acquisition in very large one-dimensional spaces. The OrthoZoom Scroller requires only a mouse to perform panning and zooming in a 1D space. Panning is performed along the slider dimension while zooming is performed along the orthogonal one. We present a controlled experiment showing that the OrthoZoom Scroller is about twice as fast as Speed Dependant Automatic Zooming to perform pointing tasks whose index of difficulty is in the 10-30 bits range. We also present an application to browse large textual documents with the OrthoZoom Scroller that uses semantic zooming and snapping on the structure.”
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Appert, Caroline and Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (2006): SwingStates: adding state machines to the swing toolkit. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology 2006. pp. 319-322. Available online
“This article describes SwingStates, a library that adds state machines to the Java Swing user interface toolkit. Unlike traditional approaches, which use callbacks or listeners to define interaction, state machines provide a powerful control structure and localize all of the interaction code in one place. SwingStates takes advantage of Java's inner classes, providing programmers with a natural syntax and making it easier to follow and debug the resulting code. SwingStates tightly integrates state machines, the Java language and the Swing toolkit. It reduces the potential for an explosion of states by allowing multiple state machines to work together. We show how to use SwingStates to add new interaction techniques to existing Swing widgets, to program a powerful new Canvas widget and to control high-level dialogues.”
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Appert, Caroline and Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (2006): SMCanvas: augmenter la boîte à outils Java Swing pour prototyper des techniques d'interaction avancées. In: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference of the Association Francophone dInteraction Homme-Machine 2006. pp. 99-106. Available online
“This article presents SMCanvas, an extension of the Java Swing toolkit dedicated to prototyping and teaching graphical interaction. SMCanvas uses a simplified scene graph for rendering and state machines for interaction. The use of polymorphism and reification helps combine ease of use and power of expression. We describe our experience of using SMCanvas with Master level students for programming advanced interactions, and propose to evaluate user interface tools with benchmarks.”
Copyrights may apply
Guiard, Yves, Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel, Du, Yangzhou, Appert, Caroline, Fekete, Jean-Daniel and Chapuis, Olivier (2006): Shakespeare's complete works as a benchmark for evaluating multiscale document navigation techniques. In: Bertini, Enrico, Plaisant, Catherine and Santucci, Giuseppe (eds.) BELIV 2006 - Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on BEyond time and errors novel evaluation methods for information visualization May 23, 2006, Venice, Italy. pp. 1-6. Available online
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Mar 21st, 2010
Changes to this page (author)
25 Feb 2010: Enabled abstracts to be shown on Caroline Appert's author page.17 Jun 2009: Author was edited 17 Jun 2009: Author was edited
09 May 2009: Author was edited
06 Jun 2008: Author was added to the bibliography (approved by an editor)
12 May 2008: Author was edited
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19 Jun 2007: Author was edited
19 Jun 2007: Author was added to the bibliography
