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Brian D. Lowe

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Publications by Brian D. Lowe (bibliography)

2010

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Park, Shi-Hyun, Hwang, Jesun, Lowe, Brian D. and Freivalds, Andris (2010): Optimal Handle Size to Minimize Internal Impact of Flexor Tendons. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 54th Annual Meeting 2010. pp. 779-782.

“Failure to properly consider tendon and applied forces in designing a hand tool can have harmful effects on users. Previous study has indicated that flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon forces can be up to 3.7 times the external forces. These values are indirect estimates derived from biomechanical models developed for the hand. However, these include many assumptions and may not be accurate. Therefore, direct measurement of tendon forces using a cadaver model provided novel insights into measuring internal impact of flexor tendons generated by power grip motion and then determining optimal handle size reducing internal tendon loads. In the result, there was a negative relationship between handle diameter and grip force, which showed that the grip force decreased from 38.3 to 23.0 N, as the cylindrical handle diameter increased from 30 to 60 mm. Thus, the highest grip force was generated on the smallest handle size (30mm), and the lowest grip force was on the largest diameter handle (60mm). In terms of the ratio of the internal tendon force to the external grip force, the internal tendon load on the smallest handle size (30mm) was, for external grip force F, 4.2F and the largest handle showed 7.0F (i.e. seven times the applied external force). These relationships should be useful for the design of handles that require power grip motion. Consequently, this study provided novel insights into the direct measurement of internal impact of flexor tendons generated by power grip motion with handles.”

1995

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Lowe, Brian D., You, Heecheon, Bucciaglia, Joseph D., Gilmore, B. J. and Freivalds, Andris (1995): An Ergonomic Design Strategy for the Transit Bus Operators' Workspace. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting 1995. pp. 1142-1146.

“Transit bus operators suffer from and complain of numerous musculoskeletal ailments and discomfort over the course of a work day. This result is not surprising when one critically evaluates the operators' work station in many transit buses. Ergonomic efforts in the design of the transit bus have lagged far behind those of the automobile and most aircrafts. This paper presents the design methodology and results of a project directed towards developing design guidelines for the transit bus operators' workstation. Two phases of the project are reported here: the preliminary geometric layout of the seating area with respect to driver anthropometry and component dimensions and the evaluation of a laboratory mock-up based on the results of the first two phases. The goal of this project is to apply relevant human engineering design principles to the transit bus so that future generations of bus operators can work in a safer, more comfortable, and more productive environment.”

1994

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Lowe, Brian D. (1994): Modelling the Additivity of Perceived Exertion in Symmetric, Mid-Sagittal Lifting. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. pp. 621-625.

“Psychophysical approaches to quantifying perceived effort have been used to evaluate the physical demand of many industrial work activities. An experiment was conducted to examine the relationship between ratings of whole-body perceived exertion and differentiated, regional ratings of exertion. The Borg, CR-10 scale was used by 16 subjects performing a simulated repetitive lifting task. Ratings of perceived exertion were obtained for the arms, legs, torso, and central (cardiorespiratory) effort sensations as well as a rating of overall, whole-body exertion. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to predict the whole-body rating of exertion from the differentiated ratings in lifting tasks using both a squat and stoop posture. In the stoop posture condition the coefficient of determination between whole-body perceived exertion and the model including arm, torso, and central ratings was R{squared}=0.81. In the squat posture condition, the final regression model predicting whole-body exertion contained only the rating from the legs (R{squared} = 0.62). Differentiated ratings explained the majority of the variance in whole-body perceived exertion for squat and stoop lifting tasks.”

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