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ReferencesNavigation arrowAuthorsNavigation arrowBob G. Witmer

Publication statistics

Pub. period:1993-2005
Pub. count:11
Number of co-authors:11



Co-authors

Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:

John H. Bailey:5
Michael J. Singer:5
Bruce W. Knerr:2

 

 

Productive colleagues

Bob G. Witmer's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:

James P. Bliss:20
Michael J. Singer:12
Donald R. Lampton:6
 
 
 
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Bob G. Witmer

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Publications by Bob G. Witmer (bibliography)

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2005
 
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Witmer, Bob G., Jerome, Christian J. and Singer, Michael J. (2005): The Factor Structure of the Presence Questionnaire. In Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 14 (3) pp. 298-312.

2002
 
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Witmer, Bob G., Sadowski, Wallace J. and Finkelstein, Neal M. (2002): VE-Based Training Strategies for Acquiring Survey Knowledge. In Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 11 (1) pp. 1-18.

1999
 
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Singer, Michael J. and Witmer, Bob G. (1999): On Selecting the Right Yardstick. In Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 8 (5) pp. 566-573.

1998
 
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Witmer, Bob G. and Kline, Paul B. (1998): Judging Perceived and Traversed Distance in Virtual Environments. In Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 7 (2) pp. 144-167.

 
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Witmer, Bob G. and Singer, Michael J. (1998): Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire. In Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 7 (3) pp. 225-240.

1997
 
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Singer, Michael J. and Witmer, Bob G. (1997): Presence: Where Are We Now?. In: Smith, Michael J., Salvendy, Gavriel and Koubek, Richard J. (eds.) HCI International 1997 - Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction - Volume 2 August 24-29, 1997, San Francisco, California, USA. pp. 885-888.

1996
 
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Witmer, Bob G., Bailey, John H., Knerr, Bruce W. and Parsons, Kimberly C. (1996): Virtual Spaces and Real World Places: Transfer of Route Knowledge. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 45 (4) pp. 413-428.

“It has been widely suggested, but rarely demonstrated, that virtual environments (VEs) are effective training media. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate how well a VE model of a complex office building trained individuals to navigate in the actual building. Sixty participants studied route directions and landmark photographs, then rehearsed the route using either the VE model, the actual building, or verbal directions and photographs. The VE model was presented in real time via a head-tracked display. Half of the participants in each rehearsal group also studied route maps. Everyone's route knowledge was then measured in the actual building. Building configuration knowledge was also measured. VE rehearsal produced more route knowledge than verbal rehearsal, but less than with rehearsal in the actual building. Type of rehearsal had no effect on configuration knowledge. Map study influenced neither route nor configuration knowledge. These results suggest that VEs that adequately represent real world complexity can be effective training media for learning complex routes in buildings, and should be considered whenever the real world site is unavailable for training.”

© All rights reserved Witmer et al. and/or Academic Press

1994
 
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Singer, Michael J., Witmer, Bob G. and Bailey, John H. (1994): Development of "Presence" Measures for Virtual Environments. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. p. 983.

“A primary argument for the efficacy of Virtual Environments (VE) applications is that the user is "present" in the simulated environment. Presence is defined as the subjective experience of being in one environment (there) when one is physically in another environment (here). Presence is probably a normal awareness or attentional phenomenon based in an interaction between external or immersive factors and internal tendencies. These same factors support the transition to or experience of presence in a remote or artificial environment. Major immersive factors identified in current literature have been used as the basis for two different questionnaires. The Immersive Tendencies Questionnaire (ITQ) was developed to identify possible behavioral correlates or indicators for experiencing presence in artificial environments. The Presence Questionnaire (PQ) was developed to address both the extent of involvement in a VE experience and the effect of different factors or features of the virtual environment. Results of questionnaire administrations in conjunction with experiments into basic task performance and building interior route learning in VE indicate reasonable reliability values (Cronbach's alpha) for both the ITQ (.75) and PQ (.80). The PQ and ITQ correlate significantly (r=.31, N=132, P<.001). Several subscales were revealed in Cluster analyses on each questionnaire. Preliminary investigations with a priori subscales indicate relationships with movement/manipulation task performance. Correlations between the PQ and a standard Simulator Sickness measure reveal significant negative correlations between the overall scores and several subscales. Analyses of data from three experiments are presented in connection with revisions made to the questionnaires.”

© All rights reserved Singer et al. and/or Human Factors Society

 
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Lampton, Donald R., Kolasinski, Eugenia M., Knerr, Bruce W., Bliss, James P., Bailey, John H. and Witmer, Bob G. (1994): Side Effects and Aftereffects of Immersion in Virtual Environments. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. pp. 1154-1157.

“Immersive Virtual Environment (VE) technology, also known as virtual reality, is being touted as an important new medium for education and training. Other potential applications involve communications, medicine, architecture, astronomy, data handling, teleoperation, and entertainment. A threat to the successful application of this technology is that some users of VE systems suffer unwanted side effects and aftereffects similar to, but not limited to, symptoms of motion sickness. These effects may degrade training effectiveness and jeopardize user safety and well-being. This paper describes the incidence and severity of symptoms we recorded during four different experiments which examined VE training applications. The experiments involved a variety of tasks, simulated environments, and VE systems. We administered a 28 item questionnaire that addressed symptoms related to nausea, eye strain, and dizziness. Significant variation was observed across individuals. In each”

© All rights reserved Lampton et al. and/or Human Factors Society

 
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Bailey, John H. and Witmer, Bob G. (1994): Learning and Transfer of Spatial Knowledge in a Virtual Environment. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. pp. 1158-1162.

“Two experiments were conducted to investigate route and configurational knowledge acquisition in a virtual environment (VE). The results indicate that route knowledge can be acquired in a VE and that it transfers to the real world. Furthermore, although it was not explicitly trained, participants acquired some configurational knowledge. Higher levels of interactive exposure to the VE resulted in better route knowledge than less interactive exposure. There was some evidence that more reported presence was correlated with better performance on spatial knowledge tests, while more reported simulator sickness was correlated with worse performance. Finally, performance during VE rehearsals was a strong, consistent correlate of performance on spatial knowledge tests.”

© All rights reserved Bailey and Witmer and/or Human Factors Society

1993
 
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Bailey, John H. and Witmer, Bob G. (1993): The Transfer of Route and Configuration Knowledge Acquired in a Virtual Environment to the Actual Building. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction - Poster Sessions: Abridged Proceedings 1993. p. 275.

 
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URL: http://www.interaction-design.org/references/authors/bob_g__witmer.html

Publication statistics

Pub. period:1993-2005
Pub. count:11
Number of co-authors:11



Co-authors

Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:

John H. Bailey:5
Michael J. Singer:5
Bruce W. Knerr:2

 

 

Productive colleagues

Bob G. Witmer's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:

James P. Bliss:20
Michael J. Singer:12
Donald R. Lampton:6
 
 
 
May 21

“ Computer analyst to programmer: "You start coding. I'll go find out what they want." ”

-- Popular computer one-liner

 
 

Featured chapter

Read the fascinating history of Wearable Computing, told by its father, Steve Mann

Read Steve's chapter !

 
 

Help us help you!

 
 
 
 
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