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Benjamin Lok

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Publications by Benjamin Lok (bibliography)

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» 2008 «

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Rossen, Brent, Johnsen, Kyle, Deladisma, Adeline, Lind, Scott and Lok, Benjamin (2008): Virtual Humans Elicit Skin-Tone Bias Consistent with Real-World Skin-Tone Biases. In: Prendinger, Helmut, Lester, James C. and Ishizuka, Mitsuru (eds.) IVA 2008 - Intelligent Virtual Agents - 8th International Conference September 1-3, 2008, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 237-244. Available online

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Rodriguez, Harold, Beck, Diane, Lind, David and Lok, Benjamin (2008): Audio Analysis of Human/Virtual-Human Interaction. In: Prendinger, Helmut, Lester, James C. and Ishizuka, Mitsuru (eds.) IVA 2008 - Intelligent Virtual Agents - 8th International Conference September 1-3, 2008, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 154-161. Available online

» 2007 «

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Johnsen, Kyle, Raij, Andrew, Stevens, Amy, Lind, D. Scott and Lok, Benjamin (2007): The validity of a virtual human experience for interpersonal skills education. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2007. pp. 1049-1058. Available online

Any new tool introduced for education needs to be validated. We developed a virtual human experience called the Virtual Objective Structured Clinical Examination (VOSCE). In the VOSCE, a medical student examines a life-size virtual human who is presenting symptoms of an illness. The student is then graded on interview skills. As part of a medical school class requirement, thirty three second year medical students participated in a user study designed to determine the validity of the VOSCE for testing interview skills. In the study, participant performance in the VOSCE is compared to participant performance in the OSCE, an interview with a trained actor. There was a significant correlation (r(33)=.49, p<.005) between overall score in the VOSCE and overall score in the OSCE. This means that the interaction skills used with a virtual human translate to the interaction skills used with a real human. Comparing the experience of virtual human interaction to real human interaction is the critical validation step towards using virtual humans for interpersonal skills education.

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» 2006 «

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Johnsen, Kyle, Dickerson, Robert F., Raij, Andrew, Harrison, Cyrus, Lok, Benjamin, Stevens, Amy O. and Lind, D. Scott (2006): Evolving an Immersive Medical Communication Skills Trainer. In Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 15 (1) pp. 33-46

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Kotranza, Aaron, Quarles, John and Lok, Benjamin (2006): Mixed reality: are two hands better than one?. In: Slater, Mel, Kitamura, Yoshifumi, Tal, Ayellet, Amditis, Angelos and Chrysanthou, Yiorgos (eds.) VRST 2006 - Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology November 1-3, 2006, Limassol, Cyprus. pp. 31-34. Available online

» 2005 «

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Wang, Xiyong, Kotranza, Aaron, Quarles, John, Lok, Benjamin and Allen, B. Danette (2005): A Pipeline for Rapidly Incorporating Real Objects into a Mixed Environment. In: Fourth IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality ISMAR 2005 5-8 October, 2005, Vienna, Austria. pp. 170-173. Available online

» 2004 «

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Lok, Benjamin (2004): Toward the merging of real and virtual spaces. In Communications of the ACM, 47 (8) pp. 48-53

» 2003 «

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Lok, Benjamin, Naik, Samir, Whitton, Mary C. and Jr., Frederick P. Brooks (2003): Effects of Handling Real Objects and Self-Avatar Fidelity on Cognitive Task Performance and Sense of Presence in Virtual Environments. In Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 12 (6) pp. 615-628

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Changes to this page (author)

23 Feb 2010: Enabled abstracts to be shown on Benjamin Lok's author page.
17 Aug 2009: Author was edited
12 Jul 2009: Author was edited
12 Jul 2009: Author was edited
16 Jun 2009: Author was edited
01 Jun 2009: Author was edited
01 Jun 2009: Author was edited
29 May 2009: Author was edited
19 Jun 2007: Author was added to the bibliography

Publication statistics

Publication period:2003-2008
Publication count:8
Number of co-authors:20



Productive colleagues

Benjamin Lok's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:

Frederick P. Brooks Jr.:10
Mary C. Whitton:9
Kyle Johnsen:3


Collaboration count

Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:

Kyle Johnsen:3
John Quarles:2
D. Scott Lind:2

 

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Learn more about Benjamin Lok:
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Mar 21

Software design is the act of determining the user's experience with a piece of software. It has nothing to do with how the code works inside, or how big or small the code is. The designer's task is to specify completely and unambiguously the user's whole experience.

-- David Liddle, From Bringing Design to Software, edited by Terry Winograd, 1996

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URL: http://www.interaction-design.org/references/authors/benjamin_lok.html