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Arthur J. Grunwald

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Publications by Arthur J. Grunwald (bibliography)

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1993
 
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Dorighi, Nancy S., Ellis, Stephen R. and Grunwald, Arthur J. (1993): Perspective Format for a Primary Flight Display (ADI) and Its Effect on Pilot Spatial Awareness. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting 1993. pp. 88-92.

A perspective format for a "Tunnel-in-the-Sky" primary flight display was evaluated in a part-task experiment to determine if it provided improved spatial situation awareness compared to a conventional electronic attitude director indicator. Body referenced visual direction to targets on the ground was used to measure spatial situation awareness. Underestimation of visual direction previously observed in laboratory conditions was replicated in the part-task environment. Conditions under which the "Tunnel" display could provide less biased and more accurate situation awareness were also investigated.

© All rights reserved Dorighi et al. and/or Human Factors Society

1991
 
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Ellis, Stephen R., Tharp, Gregory K., Grunwald, Arthur J. and Smith, Stephen (1991): Exocentric Judgements in Real Environments and Stereoscopic Displays. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting 1991. pp. 1442-1446.

Spatial direction errors during interpretation of perspective images, such as 3D map displays, may originate from misjudgment of the orientation of the viewing direction used to make the display. One source of these errors could be perceptual evidence of the display surface. Two experiments are reported in which the same judgement exocentric task was presented, but the cues to the picture surface were reduced or eliminated by presenting the task as a stereoscopic, virtual image or by a geometrically matched physical model. A theory developed to model exocentric direction errors on perspective displays has been fitted to the data from these two experiments. The parameters estimated from the fit in both experiments indicate that the subjects may be more correctly estimating the viewing direction than in ordinary perspective displays. Consequently, in some real world or stereo viewing conditions, errors in estimating the viewing direction are not likely to dominate exocentric direction errors.

© All rights reserved Ellis et al. and/or Human Factors Society

 
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Changes to this page (author)

13 Feb 2010: Modified
26 Jun 2007: Added
26 Jun 2007: Added

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May 19

Design can be art. Design can be aesthetics. Design is so simple, that's why it is so complicated.

-- Paul Rand, 1997

 
 

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Read the fascinating history of Wearable Computing, told by its father, Steve Mann

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