Andrew Dillon
Has also published under the name of:
"Andrew P. Dillon"
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Publications by Andrew Dillon (bibliography)
» 2006 «
Dillon, Andrew, Kleinman, Lisa, Choi, Gil Ok and Bias, Randolph G. (2006): Visual search and reading tasks using ClearType and regular displays: two experiments. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2006 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2006. pp. 503-511. Available online
“Two experiments comparing user performance on ClearType and Regular displays are reported. In the first, 26 participants scanned a series of spreadsheets for target information. Speed of performance was significantly faster with ClearType. In the second experiment, 25 users read two articles for meaning. Reading speed was significantly faster for ClearType. In both experiments no differences in accuracy of performance or visual fatigue scores were observed. The data also reveal substantial individual differences in performance suggesting ClearType may not be universally beneficial to information workers.”
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Vaughan, Misha W. and Dillon, Andrew (2006): Why structure and genre matter for users of digital information: A longitudinal experiment with readers of a web-based newspaper. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 64 (6) pp. 502-526
“In an effort to understand the impact of designing for digital genres on users' mental representations of structure, a two-phase study was conducted. In phase 1, six expert news readers and a panel of HCI experts were solicited for input regarding genre-conforming and genre-violating web news page design, navigation, and story categorization. In phase 2, a longitudinal experiment with a group of 25 novice web news readers who were exposed to one of the two designs over 5 sessions is reported. During these sessions a variety of user data were captured, including: comprehension (recall, recognition), usability (time on task, accuracy, user satisfaction), and navigation (path length, category node hits). The between-group difference of web site design was significant for comprehension, usability, and navigation with the users of the genre-conforming design demonstrating better performance. The within-group difference of time was significant across these three measures as well, with performance improving over time. No interaction effect was found between web site design and time on comprehension or usability. However, a surprising interaction effect was found on navigation; specifically the breadth of navigation (i.e. the number of nodes visited for two classes of tasks) increased over time more dramatically for the genre-violating group than for the genre-conforming group. By examining the changes in these data over time and between the two designs, evidence for the development of users' mental representations of structure was captured.”
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» 2003 «
Zhang, Ping and Dillon, Andrew (2003): HCI and MIS: shared concerns. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 59 (4) pp. 397-402
“The fields of HCI and MIS share many concerns but have traditionally not
shared literatures, theories and results. This special issue is a first attempt
at bridging the disciplinary divide. In this paper, the history of both fields
is briefly outlined and reasons for the independence of each are examined. The
criteria for paper inclusion are outlined and each paper is briefly introduced.”
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» 2002 «
Dillon, Andrew (2002): Information architecture in JASIST: Just where did we come from?. In JASIST - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 53 (10) pp. 821-823
» 2001 «
Bainbridge, David, Bernbom, Gerry, Wallace, Mary, Dillon, Andrew, Dovey, Matthew, Dunn, Jon W., Fingerhut, Michael, Fujinaga, Ichiro and Isaacson, Eric J. (2001): Digital Music Libraries -- Research and Development. In: JCDL01: Proceedings of the 1st ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2001. pp. 446-448. Available online
“Digital music libraries provide enhanced access and functionality that facilitates scholarly research and education. This panel will present a report on the progress of several major research and development projects in digital music libraries.”
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» 2000 «
Vaughan, Misha W. and Dillon, Andrew (2000): Learning the Shape of Information: A Longitudinal Study of Web-News Reading. In: DL00: Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries 2000. pp. 236-237. Available online
“A concept called shape is proposed to experimentally examine the development of users' mental representations of information spaces over time. Twenty five novice users are exposed to two differently designed news web sites over five sessions. The longitudinal impacts on users' comprehension, usability, and navigation are examined.”
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Dillon, Andrew (2000): Spatial-semantics: How users derive shape from information space. In JASIST - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 51 (6) pp. 521-528
Dillon, Andrew and Gushrowski, Barbara A. (2000): Genres and the WEB: Is the personal home page the first uniquely digital genre?. In JASIST - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 51 (2) pp. 202-205
Börner, Katy, Dillon, Andrew and Dolinsky, Margaret (2000): LVis - Digital Library Visualizer. In: IV 2000 2000. pp. 77-81. Available online
» 1998 «
Dillon, Andrew (1998): Cultural Analysis and What Designers Need To Know. In ACM SIGDOC *Journal of Computer Documentation, 22 (1) pp. 13-17
“In a second commentary on Bader and Nyce, Andrew Dillon points out that "the leap from [ethnographic] data to design implication is complex" and that software engineers should not be faulted for making this leap only with care.”
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Dillon, Andrew (1998): Computer and Information Ethics, by John Weckert and Douglas Adeney. In JASIST - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 49 (9) p. 861
» 1997 «
Dillon, Andrew and Vaughan, Misha (1997): 'It's the Journey & the Destination': shape and the emergent property of genre in evaluating digital documents. In New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, 3 pp. 91-106
“Navigation is a limited metaphor for hypermedia and website use that potentially constrains our understanding of human-computer interaction. In the present paper we trace the emergence of the navigation metaphor and the empirical analysis of navigation measures in usability evaluation before suggesting an alternative concept to consider: shape. The shape concept affords, we argue, a richer analytic tool for considering humans' use of digital documents and invokes social level analyses of meaning that are shared among discourse communities who both produce and consume the information resources.”
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Chui, Michael and Dillon, Andrew (1997): Who's Zooming Whom? Attunement to Animation in the Interface. In JASIST - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 48 (11) pp. 1067-1072
Dillon, Andrew (1997): Design Rationale: Concepts, Techniques, and Use, edited by Thomas P. Moran and John M. Carroll. In JASIST - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 48 (8) pp. 762-763
Dillon, Andrew (1997): Introduction to the Special Topic Issue: Current Research in Human-Computer Interaction. In JASIST - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 48 (11) pp. 965-969
Sengupta, Arijit and Dillon, Andrew (1997): Extending SGML to Accommodate Database Functions: A Methodological Overview. In JASIST - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 48 (7) pp. 629-637
Dillon, Andrew (1997): The Science of Writing by C. Michael Levy and Sara Ransdell. In The Information Society, 13 (3)
» 1996 «
Morris, Michael G. and Dillon, Andrew (1996): The Importance of Usability in the Establishment of Organizational Software Standards for End User Computing. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 45 (2) pp. 243-258
“The rapid introduction of microcomputers into organizations throughout the last decade gave new importance to the analysis of how technology impacts organizations. In particular, research on usability has sought to become central to the design and selection of technology for large organizations. However, definitions and methods are not yet standardized. Data gathered from semi-structured interviews of three MIS managers and a survey of 125 end-users in three organzations suggest that differences in emphasis on, and definition of usability can exist between these two groups. Usability was not a central concern to managers when evaluating end-user software packages considered for adoption as the organizational standard, though it appeared to be so for end-users. Moreover, managers tended to consider and evaluate usability based only on features contained in the user interface, whereas end-users often cited contextual factors such as task and environmental considerations. Implications for technology assessment and future research into organizational impact of IT are presented.”
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Dillon, Andrew and Watson, Charles (1996): User Analysis in HCI -- The Historical Lessons from Individual Differences Research. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 45 (6) pp. 619-637
“User analysis is a crucial aspect of user-centered systems design, yet Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) has yet to formulate reliable and valid characterizations of users beyond gross distinctions based on task and experience. Individual differences research from mainstream psychology has identified a stable set of characteristics that would appear to offer potential application in the HCI arena. Furthermore, in its evolution over the last 100 years, research on individual differences has faced many of the problems of theoretical status and applicability that are common to HCI. In the present paper, the relationship between work in cognitive and differential psychology and current analyses of users in HCI is examined. It is concluded that HCI could gain significant predictive power if individual differences research was related to the analysis of users in contemporary systems design.”
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Rouet, Jean-Francois, Levonen, Jarmo J., Dillon, Andrew and Spiro, Rand J. (eds.) (1996): Hypertext and Cognition. Mahwah, New Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
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Dillon, Andrew and Schaap, Dille (1996): Expertise and the Perception of Shape in Information. In JASIST - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 47 (10) pp. 786-788
Dillon, Andrew (1996): Information Superhighways: Multimedia Users and Futures, edited by S.J. Emmott. In The Information Society, 12 (3)
» 1995 «
Dillon, Andrew and Maynard, Sally (1995): 'Don't forget to put the cat out' - or why collaborative authoring software and everyday writing pass one another by!. In New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, 1 pp. 135-153
“Hypermedia technology is seen as offering potentially innovative support for the process of writing as much as information access and reading. However authoring environments to date have had little impact in the real-world production of text. One possible reason is our poor conceptualisation of current writing practice. In the present paper, 31 adult writers kept diaries of their writing activities over the course of one week. The results indicate that for most people, real world writing is a short communicative act aimed at a limited audience and that technological support for such writing is less likely to resemble a hypermedia workstation than a portable personal communication device. Implications for work in the design of authoring tools are developed.”
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» 1994 «
Dillon, Andrew (1994): Designing Usable Electronic Text: Ergonomic Aspects of Human Information Usage. Taylor and Francis
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» 1993 «
Maguire, M., Dillon, Andrew, Brooke, John, Gerven, Johan van, Bevan, Nigel, Paci, Anna Maria, Karat, John and Shackel, Brian (1993): Usability Measurement -- Its Practical Value to the Computer Industry. In: Ashlund, Stacey, Mullet, Kevin, Henderson, Austin, Hollnagel, Erik and White, Ted (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 93 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 24-29, 1993, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. pp. 145-148. Available online
“This panel will consider the role of usability measurement in the design process. It will address the time needed to perform usability evaluations and compare this process with that of expert assessment. This topic will be discussed in the industrial context of developing computer products within strict timescales. However it will also be seen against the traditional problem of needing to set usability goals and to measure their achievement if usability is to be given the same priority as the more technical software engineering objectives.”
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Dillon, Andrew, Sweeney, Marian and Maguire, Martin (1993): A Survey of Usability Engineering Within the European IT Industry -- Current Practice and Needs. In: Alty, James L., Diaper, Dan and Guest, D. (eds.) Proceedings of the Eighth Conference of the British Computer Society Human Computer Interaction Specialist Group - People and Computers VIII August 7-10, 1993, Loughborough University, UK. pp. 81-94.
“The present paper reports on a survey of current practices in usability engineering and requirements for support within European IT organisations. Responses were obtained from 84 individuals working in nine European countries. The data were analysed in terms of four themes; respondents' background, their interpretation and appreciation of the concept of usability, current practice with regard to usability evaluation, problems and requirements for support in conducting usability evaluation. Results suggest widespread awareness but only superficial application of Human Factors methods in Industry.”
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Dillon, Andrew (1993): "Multimedia Interface Design in Education," edited by A. Edwards and S. Holland. In Hypermedia, 5 (2) pp. 158-160
» 1991 «
McKnight, Cliff, Dillon, Andrew and Richardson, John (1991): Hypertext in Context. Cambridge University Press
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Dillon, Andrew (1991): Readers' Models of Text Structures: The Case of Academic Articles. In International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 35 (6) pp. 913-925
“Hypertext is often described a liberating technology, freeing readers and authors from the constraints of "linear" paper document formats. However, there is little evidence to support such a claim and theoretical work in the text analysis domain suggests that readers form a mental representation of a paper document's structure that facilitates non-serial reading. The present paper examines this concept empirically for academic articles with a view to making recommendations for the design of a hypertext database. The results show that experienced journal readers do indeed possess such a generic representation and can use this to organize isolated pieces of text into a more meaningful whole. This representation holds for text presented on screens. Implications for hypertext document design are discussed.”
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» 1990 «
Dillon, Andrew, Richardson, John and McKnight, Cliff (1990): The Effects of Display Size and Text Splitting on Reading Lengthy Text from Screen. In Behaviour and Information Technology, 9 (3) pp. 215-227
“The present paper reports on an experimental investigation of reader performance and preferences with a screen-presented journal article. The effects of display size (20 lines and 60 lines) and sentence splitting on readers' manipulation, comprehension and subjective impressions are assessed. The results indicated that neither variable significantly affects comprehension but adjusted manipulation levels are significantly higher in the small window condition. Splitting sentences across screens also caused readers to return to the previous page to reread text significantly more. Subjective data reveal a preference for larger screens and high awareness of text format. Implications for future work are discussed.”
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Dillon, Andrew and McKnight, Cliff (1990): Towards a Classification of Text Types: A Repertory Grid Approach. In International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 33 (6) pp. 623-636
“The advent of hypertext brings with it associated problems of how best to present non-linear texts. As yet, knowledge of readers' models of texts and their uses is limited. Repertory grid analysis offers an insightful method of examining these issues and gaining an understanding of the type of texts that exist in the readers' worlds. The present study investigates six researchers' perceptions of texts in terms of their use, content and structure. Results indicate that individuals construe texts in terms of three broad attributes: why read them, what type of information they contain, and how they are read. When applied to a variety of texts these attributes facilitate a classificatory system incorporating both individual and task differences and provide guidance on how their electronic versions could be designed.”
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Dillon, Andrew, McKnight, Cliff and Richardson, John (1990): Navigation in Hypertext: A Critical Review of the Concept. In: Diaper, Dan, Gilmore, David J., Cockton, Gilbert and Shackel, Brian (eds.) INTERACT 90 - 3rd IFIP International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction August 27-31, 1990, Cambridge, UK. pp. 587-592.
“With the advent of hypertext it has become widely accepted that the departure from the so-called "linear" structure of paper increases the likelihood of readers or users becoming lost. In this paper we will discuss this aspect of hypertext in terms of its validity, the lessons to be learned from the psychology of navigation and the applicability of the navigation metaphor to the hypertext domain.”
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Dillon, Andrew (1990): "Understanding Computers and Cognition," by Terry Winograd and Fernando Flores. In Hypermedia, 2 (1) pp. 71-74
Dillon, Andrew (1990): "Guidelines for Screen Design," edited by Christopher Rivlin, Robert Lewis and Rachel Davies Cooper. In Hypermedia, 2 (2) pp. 171-173
» 1989 «
Dillon, Andrew, Richardson, John and McKnight, Cliff (1989): Human Factors of Journal Usage and Design of Electronic Texts. In Interacting with Computers, 1 (2) pp. 183-189
“The paper reports on a study of journal usage amongst human factors researchers. The aim of the study was to shed light on how journals are used with a view of making recommendations about the development of a full-text, searchable database that would support such usage. The results indicate that levels of usage vary over time, the range of journals covered is small and readers overlook a large proportion of the contents of articles. Furthermore, three reading strategies are observed which indicate that the presentation of journal articles is not ideally suited to their uses. The implications of these findings for developing suitable computer-based applications are discussed.”
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McKnight, Cliff, Dillon, Andrew and Richardson, John (1989): Problems in Hyperland? A Human Factors Perspective. In Hypermedia, 1 (2) pp. 167-178
“While the potential of hypertext as an information presentation medium is undeniable, its acceptance by users will be determined largely by its usability. The present paper highlights four issues of relevance: reading from screens as opposed to reading from paper; reader behaviour, particularly how and why different texts are read; interface design variables such as display size and manipulation facilities; and user navigation. Existing research is reviewed and implications for the design of hypertext systems are discussed. Suggestions for future work are presented.”
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» 1988 «
Dillon, Andrew and Sweeney, Marian (1988): The Application of Cognitive Psychology to CAD. In: Jones, Dylan M. and Winder, R. (eds.) Proceedings of the Fourth Conference of the British Computer Society Human Computer Interaction Specialist Group - People and Computers IV August 5-9, 1988, University of Manchester, UK. pp. 477-488.
“The design of usable human-computer interfaces is one of the primary goals of the HCI specialist. To date however interest has focussed mainly on office or text based systems such as word processors or databases. Computer aided design (CAD) represents a major challenge to the human factors community to provide suitable input and expertise in an area where the users goals and requirements are cognitively distinct from more typical HCI. The present paper is based on psychological investigations of the engineering domain, involving an experimental comparison of designers using CAD and the more traditional drawing board. By employing protocol analytic techniques it is possible to shed light on the complex problem-solving nature of design and to demonstrate the crucial role of human factors in the development of interfaces which facilitate the designers in their task. A model of the cognition of design is proposed which indicates that available knowledge and guidelines alone are not sufficient to aid CAD developers and the distinct nature of the engineering designer's task merits specific attention.”
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» 1987 «
Dillon, Andrew (1987): Knowledge Acquisition and Conceptual Models: A Cognitive Analysis of the Interface. In: Carroll, John M. and Tanner, Peter P. (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 87 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 5-9, 1987, Toronto, Canada. pp. 371-379.
“Understanding how users process the information available to them through the computer interface can greatly enhance our abilities to design usable systems. This paper details the results of a longitudinal psychological experiment investigating the effect of interface style on user performance, knowledge acquisition and conceptual model development. Through the use of standard performance measures, interactive error scoring and protocol analysis techniques it becomes possible to identify crucial psychological factors in successful human computer use. Results indicate that a distinction between "deep" and "shallow" knowledge of system functioning can be drawn where both types of user appear to interact identically with the machine although significant differences in their respective knowledge exists. The effect of these differences on user ability to perform under stress and transfer to similar systems is noted. Implications for the design of usable systems are discussed.”
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Dillon, Andrew (1987): A Psychological View of "User-Friendliness". In: Bullinger, Hans-Jorg and Shackel, Brian (eds.) INTERACT 87 - 2nd IFIP International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction September 1-4, 1987, Stuttgart, Germany. pp. 157-163.
“This paper analyses human-computer interaction within a cognitive psychological framework. On the basis of an in-depth survey and longitudinal experimental study, the manner in which the style of an interface influences user performance and knowledge acquisition is discussed. The model proposed in this paper suggests that the user can meaningfully be viewed as an information processor who actively extracts information from the interface. The quality of information available for extraction is seen as having a formative effect on conceptual model development and knowledge gain. From this perspective the nature of "user-friendliness" or usability is seen as multiply determined according to the information needs of the user. Thus users are distinguished according to psychological criteria of progressive knowledge/skill development. Empirical evidence supporting this view is presented.”
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Sweeney, Marian and Dillon, Andrew (1987): Methodologies Employed in the Psychological Evaluation of H.C.I.. In: Bullinger, Hans-Jorg and Shackel, Brian (eds.) INTERACT 87 - 2nd IFIP International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction September 1-4, 1987, Stuttgart, Germany. pp. 367-373.
“This paper presents a review of a range of techniques employed in a psychological evaluation of human performance and skill development in computer interaction. The format outlines the authors' experiences in applying methodologies appropriate to the nature of the task under investigation and to the experimental design. It is all too easy to find after extensive time and financial investment that the data is spurious and difficult to analyse, that in a complex evaluative situation you have lost sight of the issue or at the worst that the research has not even addressed the real issue. The central promise of the paper outlines why and how the research interest must be explicitly defined at the outset in order to design and apply the appropriate methodology before any data capture begins. While the studies reported investigate two quite distinct issues in H.C.I., (data base usage and development of programmer skill and knowledge), it was found that many of the techniques reviewed or employed could be as effectively applied to many of the issues of interest to human factors investigators.”
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Dillon, Andrew (1987): Knowledge Acquisition and Conceptual Models: A Cognitive Analysis of the Interface. In: Diaper, Dan and Winder, Russel (eds.) Proceedings of the Third Conference of the British Computer Society Human Computer Interaction Specialist Group - People and Computers III August 7-11, 1987, University of Exeter, UK. pp. 371-379.
“Understanding how users process the information available to them through the computer interface can greatly enhance our abilities to design usable systems. This paper details the results of a longitudinal psychological experiment investigating the effect of interface style on user performance, knowledge acquisition and conceptual model development. Through the use of standard performance measures, interactive error scoring and protocol analysis techniques it becomes possible to identify crucial psychological factors in successful human computer use. Results indicate that a distinction between "deep" and "shallow" knowledge of system functioning can be drawn where both types of user appear to interact identically with the machine although significant differences in their respective knowledge exists. The effect of these differences on user ability to perform under stress and transfer to similar systems is noted. Implications for the design of usable systems are discussed.”
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Mar 21st, 2010
Changes to this page (author)
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