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Anderson D. Smith

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Publications by Anderson D. Smith (bibliography)

1994

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Colonia-Willner, Regina C. and Smith, Anderson D. (1994): Age Differences in Memory and Metamemory in a Lateral Orientation Task. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. p. 985.

“Elderly adults have been demonstrated to gain remarkably less knowledge about new environments than do younger adults. Because the implications of memory for lateral orientation are important for both the ability to acquire new spatial information and to retain longstanding cognitive maps, research on how different age groups learn to navigate a strange environment and retain orientation clues may be of particular interest. In order to be strategic in using what has been acquired, though, one needs more than memory. One needs to know one's own memory processes. This memory monitoring skills are called metamemory. Following a task designed to explore the role of visual detail and propositional content in determining age-related differences in memory for lateral orientation, metamemory questions were proposed to the subjects -- postdictions -- to examine metacognitive processes. Simple vs. complex and concrete vs. abstract slides of black-and-white drawings were used. Sensitivity of memory was tested in twelve conditions where half the target pictures was reversed at retrieval. A total of 240 volunteers (ages 17 to 26 and 65 to 78) served as subjects. The metamemory questions generated data in three different metacognitive provinces: 1) the "Positive Feeling" data (subjects who reported that they enjoyed the experiment); 2) the "Complex Easier" and the "Simple Easier" data; 3) the "Visuo-Spatial/Abstract" and the "Labeling/Abstract" data. The A' results of the metamemory subsamples are analyzed to investigate 1) whether correct responses can influence metacognitive performance; 2) whether perception of "complex-easier" as opposed to "simple-easier" and actual performance correlate; and 3) whether individuals using "visual" as opposed to "labeling" strategies exhibit significantly different results.”

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