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Amy Rankin

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Publications by Amy Rankin (bibliography)

2011

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Field, Joris, Rankin, Amy, Pal, Jelke van der, Eriksson, Henrik and Wong, William (2011): Variable uncertainty: scenario design for training adaptive and flexible skills. In: Proceedings of the 2011 Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2011. pp. 27-34.

“Motivation -- Today's training systems for crisis management (CM) largely focus on technical and procedural skills. However the dynamic and unpredictable nature of a crisis also requires skills that are flexible, adaptive and creative. Training systems enforce limitations on the freedom of interaction the trainee has compared with the real world, thereby limiting their effectiveness for real world emergencies. Furthermore, the training scenarios are often played out in a linear and rigid manner, limiting the ability to train skills such as adapting to the on-going situation and being flexible in an uncertain and variable environment. Research approach -- The Variable Uncertainty Framework (VUF) has been developed as part of a European project (CRISIS) developing an interactive simulated Virtual Reality (VR) environment for training CM to address some of the challenges faced in training scenario design today. The principles from software systems design have been compared to those of instructional design to develop a framework that can be applied in this project. Findings/Design -- The VUF brings together three important dimensions of real-world emergencies that can be manipulated and controlled in virtual training environments: (1) situational complexity, (2) the number of events occurring simultaneously, and (3) the randomness of these events. By controlling these three dimensions in the training environment, an instructor can design scenarios that are either basic drill oriented, or advanced scenarios where events are complex and combined in un-predictable ways. Take away message -- The VUF is illustrated as a method of achieving the variability and complexity in the training scenario design. It offers an accessible method for instructors to design and adapt training scenarios to optimise the training effectiveness.”

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Rankin, Amy, Field, Joris, Kovordanyi, Rita, Morin, Magnus, Jenvald, Johan and Eriksson, Henrik (2011): Training systems design: bridging the gap between users and developers using storyboards. In: Proceedings of the 2011 Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2011. pp. 205-212.

“Motivation -- Designing distributed training systems for crisis management (CM) requires an approach with the ability to address a great variety of needs and goals. Crisis responses involve multiple agents, each with different backgrounds, tasks, priorities, goals, responsibilities, organizations, equipment, and approaches. Identifying the different user training needs and translating these into user and functional requirement therefore poses great challenges. Research approach -- In this paper we present experiences of how to enable the collaboration between multiple stakeholders and partners when creating and adapting ideas throughout the design phase. The techniques have been used in a European project aimed at developing an interactive Virtual Reality (VR) environment for training crisis management. Findings/Design -- The focus of the paper is on the initial storyboard iterations and lo-fi prototypes, as this is a crucial stage for expressing ideas in a perceivable way without having to spend too much time and effort on creating detailed prototypes. Take away message -- Experiences using low-cost commercial software for creating storyboards are presented, as these provided the means to create, share, present, adapt and circulate ideas, facilitating the fusing of ideas, shared understanding and distributed working.”

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