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ReferencesNavigation arrowAuthorsNavigation arrowAlan F. Stokes

Publication statistics

Pub. period:1988-1995
Pub. count:5
Number of co-authors:9



Co-authors

Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:

Mireille Raby:1
James A. Pharmer:1
Aysenil Belger:1

 

 

Productive colleagues

Alan F. Stokes's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:

Christopher D. Wic..:75
Mireille Raby:6
James A. Pharmer:4
 
 
 
Jun 19

“ ... there are no simple 'right' answers for most web design questions (at least not for the important ones). What works is good, integrated design that fills a need--carefully thought out, well executed, and tested. ”

-- Steve Krug, Don't Make Me Think, p. 136

 
 

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Alan F. Stokes

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Publications by Alan F. Stokes (bibliography)

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1995
 
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Stokes, Alan F., Pharmer, James A. and Belger, Aysenil (1995): Differential Effects of 'Noise' Stress and Workload on Salience and Hemispace Bias in a Screen-Based Target Acquisition Task. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting 1995. pp. 864-867.

“Attentional biases in stressed or overworked radar operators (airborne or in Combat Information Centers, etc.) may have important operational implications. This study examined the effects of workload and non-workload-related stress on salience bias in a screen-based target selection and engagement task. Results in the control condition confirmed that appreciable baseline salience bias existed. Moreover, in the non-task-related stress condition (noise/anxiety), a significant increase in salience bias was observed. Elevated workload, in contrast, was associated with no significant changes in salience bias. Overall, the results showed stable individual differences in salience bias and suggested that non-workload related stress influenced 'high bias' individuals proportionately more than 'low bias' individuals -- an outcome with potential implications for selection. Subjects were also significantly biased toward the left hemispace, a powerful effect that remained even after the experiment was repeated using subjects' left instead of right hands.”

© All rights reserved Stokes et al. and/or Human Factors Society

 
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Stokes, Alan F. (1995): Sources of Stress-Resistant Performance in Aeronautical Decision Making: The Role of Knowledge Representation and Trait Anxiety. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting 1995. pp. 887-890.

“It is not clear what elements best "protect" performance from the degrading influences of stress, or how they interact. The experiment reported here examined the effects of trait anxiety and expertise on stressed aeronautical decision making (ADM) performance in a flight simulation task. Novice and expert pilots were administered a battery of cognitive tests, personality tests, and a flight simulation task under stressed and nonstressed conditions. Both groups showed a significant decrement in performance under stress in the non-domain-specific tasks. However, this was not reflected in any performance decrement in ADM under stress by experienced pilots. Only novice pilots made poorer decisions under stress. Measures of knowledge representation were very predictive of proficient ADM under stress. In contrast, trait anxiety scores (equal for both groups) were associated with poorer ADM only in the novice group. Highly trait-anxious experts showed no performance decrements in ADM under stress.”

© All rights reserved Stokes and/or Human Factors Society

1989
 
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Stokes, Alan F. and Raby, Mireille (1989): Stress and Cognitive Performance in Trainee Pilots. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting 1989. pp. 883-887.

“The study reported here is part of a continuing program of research into pilot decision-making based on an information processing model of human decision-making under task-related stress. This model posits, inter alia, that experts and novices in a knowledge domain adopt different cognitive strategies in solving decision problems, and that these strategies are differentially affected by stress. The present experiment examined the effect of task-related stress upon aviation-relevant cognitive skills in trainee instrument pilots using SPARTANS, an automated test battery. The battery was administered under stress and control conditions, providing data on the effects of the stress manipulation upon putative cognitive components of decision-making independent of the criterion task - simulated flight using the MIDIS microcomputer system. The results provide evidence of stress related decrements in working memory, flexibility of closure, and spatial processes, but not in the retrieval of declarative knowledge. These results are discussed in the light of the model's predictions and previous empirical results using MIDIS.”

© All rights reserved Stokes and Raby and/or Human Factors Society

1988
 
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Wickens, Christopher D., Stokes, Alan F., Barnett, Barbara and Hyman, Fred (1988): Stress and Pilot Judgement: An Empirical Study Using MIDIS, a Microcomputer-Based Simulation. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting 1988. pp. 173-177.

“This report presents an information processing framework for predicting the effects of stress manipulations on pilot decision making. The framework predicts that stressors related to anxiety, time pressure, and high risk situations will restrict the range of cue sampling and reduce the capacity of working memory, but will not affect decisions that are based upon direct retrieval of knowledge from long term memory. These predictions were tested on MIDIS, a microcomputer-based pilot decision simulator. Performance on a series of 38 decision problems was compared between ten subjects in a control group and ten subjects who had performed under conditions of noise, concurrent task loading, time pressure, and financial risk. The results indicated that the stress manipulation significantly reduced the optimality and confidence of decisions. The manipulations imposed their greatest effect on problems that were coded high on spatial demand and on problems requiring integration of information from the dynamic instrumental panel. The effects of stress were relatively independent of problem demands associated with working memory and with the retrieval of knowledge from long term memory.”

© All rights reserved Wickens et al. and/or Human Factors Society

 
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Stokes, Alan F., Banich, Marie T., Elledge, Valorie C. and Ke, Ying (1988): Evaluation of Cognitive Function in Aviators. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting 1988. pp. 1011-1015.

“The FAA is concerned that flight-safety could be compromised by undetected cognitive impairment in pilots due to conditions such as substance abuse, mental illness and neuropsychological problems. Interest has been shown in the possibility of adding a brief "mini mental exam", or a simple automated test-battery to the standard flight medical to screen for such conditions. This paper reports an empirical evaluation of four such tests, focusing upon a prototype version of an automated screen battery, SPARTANS (Simple Portable Aviation Relevant Test-battery and Answer-scoring System).”

© All rights reserved Stokes et al. and/or Human Factors Society

 
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Changes to this page (author)

27 Jun 2007: Modified
27 Jun 2007: Modified
26 Jun 2007: Modified
25 Jun 2007: Modified
25 Jun 2007: Added

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URL: http://www.interaction-design.org/references/authors/alan_f__stokes.html

Publication statistics

Pub. period:1988-1995
Pub. count:5
Number of co-authors:9



Co-authors

Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:

Mireille Raby:1
James A. Pharmer:1
Aysenil Belger:1

 

 

Productive colleagues

Alan F. Stokes's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:

Christopher D. Wic..:75
Mireille Raby:6
James A. Pharmer:4
 
 
 
Jun 19

“ ... there are no simple 'right' answers for most web design questions (at least not for the important ones). What works is good, integrated design that fills a need--carefully thought out, well executed, and tested. ”

-- Steve Krug, Don't Make Me Think, p. 136

 
 

Featured chapter

Read the fascinating history of Wearable Computing, told by its father, Steve Mann

Read Steve's chapter !

 
 

Latest books

The Social Design of Technical Systems: Building technologies for communities
by Brian Whitworth and Adnan Ahmad

 
Start reading

The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, 2nd Ed.
by Mads Soegaard and Rikke Friis Dam

 
Start reading
 
 

Help us help you!

 
 
 
 
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